'O Come, O Come Emmanuel' and the Second Advent of Jesus Christ

JERUSALEM, Israel -- During Advent, many Christians sing the beloved hymn, "O Come, O Come Emmanuel."

CBN News combined the music of this hymn, played by renowned violinist Maurice Sklar, with an explanation of the background and meaning of the song from Claire Pfann, dean of Academic Affairs at University of the Holy Land.

Pfann said that most people don't realize that this hymn was composed to be an Advent song, not a Christmas carol.

"The hymn was originally taken from a series of sayings that we call antiphons," she explained. "An antiphon is a saying or an acclimation that is made before the reading of a psalm or a canticle. And each one is based on the titles of the Messiah found in the Old Testament."

'O Come, O Come Emmanuel and ransom captive Israel ' - Emmanuel, of course, is the title given to the Messiah in Isaiah, chapter 7, where Isaiah prophesies that a virgin shall conceive and bear a son and will call His name Emmanuel. The Gospel of Matthew applies this very scripture to Jesus at His birth," Pfann explained.

**Listen to renowned violinist Maurice Sklar play the hymn here:

Rod of Jesse

"Another one of the titles applied to the Messiah that is adapted into the song is the Rod of Jesse.  'O Come thou Rod of Jesse, come,' she said.

The Rod of Jesse, Pfann noted, is referenced in chapter 11 of Isaiah.

"The Rod of Jesse refers, of course, to the kingship, to the ruling," she said. "Jesse was the father of David. And so when we sing of the Rod of Jesse we're singing of the descendant of David, the Messiah, Jesus."

"One of the verses of 'O Come, O Come Emmanuel' calls for the Dayspring from on high to arise. 'O Come thou Dayspring, come and share our hearts,'" she said.

"The Dayspring refers to Malachi, chapter 4, where we read that the Son of Righteousness shall rise with healing in His wings," Pfann explained.

"This verse does not refer so much to the kingship of the Messiah but it refers to His tenderness, to His personal-ness, to His compassion to those who are weary, for those who suffer and toil - crying out that the Dayspring, the Son of Righteousness will come with healing not only for our bodies but for our hearts, our souls, and our spirits," she said.

Key of David

Pfann noted that many of the titles used in the hymn "O Come, O Come, Emmanuel" come from the book of Isaiah. 

"Another one is the Key of David," she said. "Come Thou Key of David, come and open up the way to our Heavenly home. The Key of David comes from Isaiah 22."

"It speaks of that opening, that passage, that freedom of access that is echoed in the Book of Revelation when Jesus gives the Key of David, which opens doors that no man can shut," she told CBN News.

Lord of Might

"Another very beautiful theme that is touched on in the hymn is when they refer to the Messiah as the Lord of Might," Pfann continued.

"The Lord of Might of course comes from Isaiah when it speaks in Isaiah, chapter 11 that upon Him will rest the Spirit of counsel and wisdom and might and understanding," she said.

"But the hymn reflects on the Lord of Might as being the One who gives the Word of the Lord - on Sinai's height gave the law. And of course, the Word of the Lord is not simply the law but it's really Jesus Himself. Jesus is the Word of God," she explained.

Anticipation of His Coming

"The song 'O Come, O Come, Emmanuel' is evoking that longing and expectation that we have," Pfann said. "We celebrate that Jesus has already come. But we know that something is not yet complete."

"So it's a very beautiful song because it has an echo of the past but a tremendous anticipation of that glorious coming when the Rod of Jesse, the Key of David, the One Who is Almighty, God with Us, will establish His Kingdom on earth," she continued.

"I like to think of Emmanuel, God with me today, God perfectly present," she said. "God who brings His salvation at this moment, God who became Jesus, who showed His love for us in laying down His life, who calls me by name, who calls each of us by name, who loves us as a Father, who loves us as a Shepherd, who loves us as a king."

"Today He cries out for the salvation of each human being," she said. "Today is the day of salvation. We don't have to wait until tomorrow. We can celebrate Emmanuel, God with us, today."